This is all based on you having ruled out that there was no update involved for anyone using the db:
Any new users or anyone had their network permissions altered? Each person must have read, write, edit, delete at least. If they don't have delete permissions on the db folder they can't delete the ldb or lccdb file. Sometimes that doesn't matter, sometimes it does. If anyone is opening db in exclusive mode no one else will get in. That certainly would be an issue if they don't have delete permissions as well.
The back end db (assuming you have split db) isn't an old mdb file perchance? Almost seems like you could be describing an issue with a workspace file (mdw).
You should be able to see who's got the db locked up if you examine the lccdb file in notepad.
The more we hear silence, the more we begin to think about our value in this universe.
Paraphrase of Professor Brian Cox.