So you would use an Aggregate Query to get the values you want to import (Group By Number and ID and take the Max Date value), i.e.
Code:
SELECT TempTable.Number, TempTable.ID, Max(TempTable.Date) AS MaxOfDate
FROM TempTable
GROUP BY TempTable.Number, TempTable.ID;
And this is the query you use to write to your Final Table (by changing it to an Append Query).
Note that in order for this to work properly, your Date field will need to be a Date data type (and not Text), or else the Max function will not work as you expect.
BTW, I noticed something odd in your sample data. Your last record has a date of "31.12.9999", but your expected results shows it as "31.12.2020". Not sure if that was a typo, or there is something else going on there.