Do you have any ideas of how others (organizations similar to yours with similar needs) do this task(s). My guess is you need something to automate the parsing of articles, extraction of meaningful words and phrases and assignment of attributes. I would also think there is a customized set of terms, related terms, broader terms, narrower terms (thesaurus capability) at the heart of things.
You are almost looking for a "special search engine" ( a google/yahoo type tool) with a database with a lot of horsepower (SQL server, mySQL, other ).
I don't think this is an Access application if you look to growing at 600 articles per day, and better retrieval.
I recommend you investigate how others(that are doing it well/profitably) are doing things. Look specifically in your own processes where things are bogged down, and look for automation opportunities. Perhaps a packaged solution is available???
Does management recognize that there is an issue?
Have you considered a consultant to do some analysis and proposals to assist decision making?