(Group by) must be matched by count(Group)
Therefore, you must separate your queries into 3 parts
Code:
SELECT (Year([Surgery Date])) AS [Year] , Count((Year([Surgery Date]))) AS 1Surg
FROM [Tumor Data]
GROUP BY (Year([Surgery Date]));
SELECT (Year([Post op 2 date]) AS [Year], Count((Year([Post op 2 date]))) AS 2Surg,
FROM [Tumor Data]
GROUP BY (Year([Post op 2 date]));
SELECT (Year([Post op 3 date]) AS [Year], Count((Year([Post op 3 date]))) AS 3Surg,
FROM [Tumor Data]
GROUP BY (Year([Post op 3 date]));