The Q1 and Q2 are aliases I assigned to the nested queries in the qryBase and qryFinal which was just an illustration of how to use nested queries instead of the DSum() functions. The domain aggregate functions generally run a little slower than nested queries from what I have read, but since you are planning on using the query as the record source for a subform, the nested query approach may yield an un-updateable recordset (i.e. you would not be able to add new records to a subform that uses nested queries in it's record source).