values that are full dates with time
Your values are not date data type; they are strings in the format of Long Date. If there is a built in function that will convert those strings to date data (query or code) so that Date functions can be used on them I don't know of it. One likely can write a custom function for that, and I think regardless of whether or not this ends up with the values split into fields, that's probably going to be the only solution.
I tried xl cell date and custom formatting but it remains a string, so no joy in fixing it at the source, it seems. I also tried various functions in your query to no avail. So if you can make use of a UDF (or as you say, vba) then this should be doable. Perhaps wait a bit and see if anyone else has a trick for doing it without code.
The more we hear silence, the more we begin to think about our value in this universe.
Paraphrase of Professor Brian Cox.