The message is telling you that there is a discrepancy between the criteria you built and the field when it comes to data types. If coming from Excel, your field might be text. No idea what this means
I sourced my excel spreadsheet to access
Try that again in more specific terms: you imported to a table? Linked to the sheet? Something else?
You might have to use CDate() on the field or wrap your date(s) in date delimiters (e.g. #01/01/2020#).
I had to make an expression for the date to format properly
Note that formatting has no effect on the data type - only how it is shown. The exception is that if you use the Format function, it coerces the data to a string, so perhaps your criteria is a date (#01/01/2021#) but you've converted the field data to a string. I think that it would help if you posted your expression and the sql and cleared up some of the unknowns I've mentioned.
The more we hear silence, the more we begin to think about our value in this universe.
Paraphrase of Professor Brian Cox.